Uva Province has a rich history, deeply connected to the ancient kingdoms of Sri Lanka and its colonial past. The region, especially around Badulla, played a significant role in both the indigenous and colonial eras.
Ancient History
Uva is mentioned in ancient Sri Lankan texts, particularly in connection with King Ravana from the Ramayana epic, who is said to have ruled parts of the island, including the Uva region. Archaeological evidence suggests the province was inhabited by early settlements, and its valleys and fertile lands were key agricultural zones even in ancient times.
During the Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa Kingdoms, Uva was an essential part of the agricultural landscape, providing rice and other staples to support the kingdoms' populations. It was also a strategic location due to its rugged terrain, acting as a buffer zone during times of conflict. The Muthiyangana Raja Maha Viharaya, a significant Buddhist temple in Badulla, was built during the reign of King Devanampiyatissa (307–267 BC) and remains a revered religious site.
Colonial Period
The Uva region became central during the Kandyan Kingdom, with many Sinhalese kings utilizing the mountainous terrain of the province to escape colonial forces. Uva was one of the last strongholds of resistance against the British during their attempts to control the entire island.
The Uva-Wellassa Uprising of 1817-1818 was a major historical event, where local Kandyan chiefs and villagers in Uva led a rebellion against British colonial rule. The uprising was primarily driven by dissatisfaction over British taxation and governance. The British forces crushed the rebellion with extreme brutality, burning entire villages and crops, significantly impacting the local economy and demography. This event is still remembered as a symbol of resistance in the province's history.
Post-Independence
Post-independence, Uva has gradually evolved into a blend of agriculture, tourism, and small-scale industry. The tea plantations introduced during British rule remain a vital part of Uva's economy today. Cities like Badulla and Monaragala serve as administrative and economic centers of the province, while locations like Ella have become renowned tourist attractions.
The province’s long-standing cultural heritage, including its Buddhist temples, agricultural history, and colonial past, continues to shape its identity in modern Sri Lanka.
